Theologia controversa in the 16th c. Jesuit schools of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a tool of the Counter Reformation - JUSTYNA ŁUKASZEWSKA-HABERKO (Autor) (2019)
10.17460/PHO_2019.1_2.02
http://pho.znp.edu.pl/files/2012/05/PHO-nr-1-2_2019_36_46_lukaszewska_haberkowa.pdf
Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Aim: The author’s aim in this article was to present the Jesuit education in 16th c. in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a result of Council of Trent and following Church’s reform. Introducing the Jesuit Order into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the idea of S. Hozjusz. He was one of those who conducted the reform of the Catholic Church in the country. Hozjusz thought that the education of priests and laity is the most efficient way to promote the Catholic faith. Methods: The author hereof applied a method based on the analysis of historical sources and then described the result. Results: From the very beginning the educational system was discussed and organized in the Jesuit Order, but the teaching was effectively independent in every province till the end of the 16th c. The main subject in academic education was the so-called theologia controversa, which consisted in analysing issues which were disputable between Catholics and non-Catholics. However, it should be noted that for the Jesuits shaping the pupils’ confessional identity was not the main task of schooling, as they considered peaceful coexistence with others to be the best way to introduce them to the Catholic faith. Conclusions: The conclusions depict the main books and methods used in the educational system as well as the development and collapse of theologia controversa teaching. The R. Bellarmin’s oeuvre was the first handbook of the subject, but in every college it was adapted to local needs and the students’ level. Therefore, theology teaching was independent till the end of the 16th century when Ratio Studiorum was officially published. Following a theological crisis within the Order in Poland at the beginning of the 17th c. theologia controversa was forsaken. Nevertheless, some Jesuit writers (M. Łęczycki and K. Drużbicki) still continued teaching it (mostly having Orthodox Christians in mind) and printed educational books dealing with this issue. The author provides the audience with a thorough description of how theologia controversa was introduced in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, who the teachers were and what books and methods were used
Keywords: nauki o kulturze i religii